The Ottoman sultans have always been interested in Mecca, Medina and Jerusalem - the three largest cities of Islam ever since Al-Hajjaj, including Mecca and Medina - are centuries behind. They were ruled by the Mamluks, Sultan Mehmed I started the tradition of sending an official regiment called Surre Humayun (Imperial Pouch).
According to officials, Surrey Humayun flies out of Istanbul on camels every year. In addition to precious gifts such as chandeliers and draperies, he also donated gifts to prominent scholars in Hajj and to the needy. The Commoners also sent gifts and donations to Mecca and Medina with the regiment. There were needy people in the Holy Land who prayed exclusively for those in Constantinople. The people of Anatolia who visited Hetaz as Zairino were part of this regiment. The Sultans were driven out of Haj because of their title as caliphs, they instead sent representatives. These representatives generally became the heads of the regiment which was responsible for the entire group. The Surrey Regiment was sent off with a farewell ceremony practiced until 1916.
Servants of Mecca and Medina
In 1517, when the Emir of Hejaz introduced the key of Mecca to the Sultan upon the conquest of Egypt, the Ottoman Sultans proudly received the title "Servant of Mecca and Medina". Thus, when the Imam of the Grand Mosque in Damascus called the Sultan the "ruler of Mecca and Medina", Sultan Selim I objected to this title and corrected it by saying that "the servant of Mecca and Medina." All the works by the sultans showed that they were worthy of the title. The service of the Sultans to Islam and Mecca and Medina was far ahead of the service offered by the previous Islamic empires, in addition to the four caliphs Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman ibn Affan, and Ali and Rashidun Khalifa. Selim I then applied the broom straws inside the Kaaba to his crown.
Sultan Suleman's Khidmat
Suleiman did a marvelous service to the holy lands of Mecca, Medina and Jerusalem. During the reign of Suleiman, the roof of the Kaaba and the minarets of Masjid al-Nabawi were repaired with a construction foreman sent from Istanbul. The interior ornaments of the domes were renovated. He had a second dargah on the right side of the mosque. Which was for the prayer of Hanfiyyah Imam, where Prophet Muhammad(saw) used to worship with honor. He also repaired the original there. Mausoleums were built for those martyred in Al-Baqi and at the Battle of Uhud.
He renovated the nearby Quba Masjid and Masjid al-Qiblatain. Additionally, a dome was added to the Prophet's tomb. He also sent two pendants, two for the Kaaba and one for the tomb. The four madrasas were built in four schools of Islam: Hanfi, Maliki, Shafi, Hanabali, Mecca. A silver water slot was added to the Kaaba, which later came to Sultan Ahmed. A goldsmith was built from Zamzam Well and a pool was built for the well water. Later, a dome was added above the pool by order of Sultan Mehmed IV. An ornate room for the well was built in the time of Sultan Abdulhamid I, but was demolished in 1963.
Suleiman repaired the Al-Aqsa Mosque and built 3 kilometers of walls around Jerusalem, which still stand today. He also repaired water-bringing channels to the city, renovated the city's water pools and built six new fountains. Suleiman's wife, Hurram Sultan, built a soup kitchen to serve the needy in Mecca and Medina, in addition to a hospital in Mecca, an equivalent of the Haseki Hospital in Constantinople. A mosque built by the Hurram Sultan in 1551, including the madrasa, the inn, the soup kitchen and the dervish lodge, is the most important base in Jerusalem.
Suleiman and Hurrem's daughter, Mihirah Sultan, repaired the obstructed water lines, so Arafat and Mecca had water again. His son, Sultan Selim II also continued this service. The colonies of the Kaaba were also completed with a project run by Meimar Sinan in his time. Selim II gave betons as gifts to pilgrims, which were personally made by him.
The current Kaaba
The 12-staircase marble temple, which still exists, was sent from Constantinople in 1590 by Sultan Murad III. Mehmed III rebuilt the minaret in addition to the minarets at the top of Bab al-Salam and a dome was added to the top of the house where Muhammad(saw) was born.
Engraved and crafted in Cairo for years, the Kaaba cover was carved in a special atelier where the Balerabei Mosque now stands and sent to the Hejaz with the Sultan Regiment every year. Al-Sharif was also produced there and sent to Mecca. Sultan Ahmad I sent two oil-lamp lamps adorned with diamonds to hang at Haram al-Sharif and Masjid al-Nabawi.
The current version of the Kaaba, which was damaged due to floods, is a legacy from 1635 of Sultan Murad IV. In commemoration of his legacy, the gate of the Kaaba is called "Bab al-Muradi". Wishes). The Golden Gate built for the Kaaba is preserved in the Islam Museum in Mecca. The Ottomans banned the construction of high structures from the Kaaba and Muhammad's dargah, so that both could be seen from afar.
Mawlid in Mecca
Sultan Mehmed IV repaired the minarets of Haram al-Sharif and enlarged the perimeter. In addition, special stones were placed in the area so that the feet of the pilgrims were not affected by the heat. Many oil-lamps were placed between the hills of Safa and Marwa. Rakun al-Iraqi - the round staircase similar to the 27-stair tower in the northern corner of the Kaaba - was rebuilt by Sultan Mustafa II. A golden cover for Thousand al-Aswad (Black Stone) was also made by order of Mustafa II. Three of the six pillars at the Kaaba, now preserved in the Museum of Islam in Mecca, were also rebuilt in their time. He repaired the Kuba Mosque and built a tower for it. The water lines cleared. The Mawlid tradition was introduced in Mecca. On that holy night the day Muhammad was born, a crowd came to the mosque near the house where Muhammad was born with candles and prayed.
Sultan Ahmed III renovated the perimeter ground floor. Sultan Abdulhamid I repaired Haram al-Sharif and Maqam Ibrahim. Madrasas and libraries were built in Medina. An Ojha in Arabic in praise of the Prophet was placed on the walls of Hujra al-Saada where Prophet Muhammad was buried with Abu Bakr as Siddiq and Omar ibn al-Khatab. Od was withdrawn in 1992, as it is not compatible with official doctrine in Saudi Arabia.
Qubbat al-Haidara
The Wahhabis, who revolted in Najd in the time of Sultan Selim III, attacked Hajjaj and killed people in Mecca and Medina and leveled the area. They transformed an area into a desert by visiting mausoleums, mosques and places that were built by the Ottomans. Busy with other problems at the time, the Ottoman Empire entrusted the governor of Cairo, Mehmed Ali Pasha, to suppress the rebellion.
After getting rid of the rebels, Sultan Mahmud II rebuilt everything that was damaged. The green dome of bricks and lead was rebuilt. His poem, written in 1819 when he was sending a golden chandelier as a gift to Hujra al-Saada to praise Muhammad, is a symbol of love and respect for the prophet from the Sultans.
Due to the events in Egypt and Moria, the Janissary crisis and the war with Russia, Sultan Mahmud II has hardly betrayed.
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